Immigration as a Strategic Vector of Brazil's Socioeconomic and Institutional Development shows that Brazil is in urgent need of public policies to attract and retain highly skilled professionals in strategic areas for its socioeconomic development. The aim is to foster the development of strategic industries and advance in science, technology, and innovation, recognizing immigration as a vector of the development of human capital. On this basis, immigration policies must be articulated with analyses of skill shortages in the Brazilian labor market, with strategic perspectives for the short, medium and long term. This publication is the first of a series of strategic studies of public policy resulting from the partnership between FGV Projetos and Public Policy and Management Directorate (DAPP).